Background Statement
The crisis of modernity is to a large extent the tragedy of the commons. The planet’s ecosystems have been sliced, diced, privatized and subjected to degradation to a degree that our species, and countless other species, is threatened by the maelstrom of social, economic and environmental dysfunction that greed and hubris have wrought.
Mongolia is not exempt from the crisis of modernity. Still, for reasons of history and geography, it preserves a global treasure: across Mongolia’s mountainous plateaus, vast steppes and harsh deserts, the great Mongolian commons remains intact; what is more, the culture of this great commons – that is, the culture of nomadic pastoralists who have been its stewards for more than 3000 years – still lives. Almost nowhere do humans still cohabit with with so many other creatures so freely, living lightly in a vast natural space that no one owns. For this reason alone, preservation, restoration and regeneration of the Mongolian commons and of the nomadic pastoralism integral to its ecosystems should be a planetary priority of our century.
Mongolia is the home of many animal and plant species that are becoming rare in other places in central Asia. Snow leopards, argali sheep, ibex, Pallas's cats, Saker falcons, and Altai snowcocks have all survived because of small human populations using sustainable methods. As the population has grown and the economy has shifted this biodiversity is now threatened.
Ninety percent of total degraded rangelands can be recovered naturally if we can change existing rangeland management. But if we can't change the existing management today, it will be too late after five to 10 years. The situation is approaching a tipping point, beyond which Mongolia’s unique wildlife and its nomadic pastoral culture cannot survive.